Working with choreographer Mia Habib, I created the piece Laser Dance, which was shown on 30 November 1 December 2001 at the Norwegian Academy of Ballet and Dance in Oslo.
The theme of the piece was “Light”, and the choreographer wanted to use direct light sources as the point of departure for the interaction. Mia had decided to work with laser beams, one along the backside of the stage and one on the diagonal, facing towards the audience. The idea was to get sound when the dancers went through the laser beams. This way the sound would be an aural representation of the “broken” light. My part was to help with the lasers and the interactive sound.
First of all, we needed to get some lasers. We tested with a normal laser pen, but the thin beam was merely invisible on stage. Luckily, I happened to have access to a professional laser used for physics experiments. With some smoke on stage, this laser was bright and clear. Since we only had one good laser, we used a narrowed down spotlight as the light beam in the back of the stage.
It soon became clear that the visual beams were not good for motion detection. Henrik Sundt at NoTAM suggested using pairs of IR-senders/receivers instead. When the sender and receiver are in contact with each other nothing happens, but as soon as the signal is broken the receiver sends a pulse. The sensors were quite cheap consumer electronics and when we tested the equipment at NoTAM we found that the reaction time was somewhat slow. This triggered some nerves because the whole project would not be much worth it if the sensors were not capable of detecting fast movements from the dancers. Finally getting everything set up on stage we were happy to find that they worked quite well. A minor problem was the latency of the receiver to regain contact with the sender after moving out of the beam. Anyway, the fact that the sound turned on almost immediately was more important than a second of sound coming also after passing the beam.
Øyvind Hammer and Henrik Sundt helped with getting the NoTAM MIDI controller to work with the sensors. The chords from the IR-receivers were connected to the inputs of the controller. When a signal was detected from one of the receivers, the controller sent a MIDI message with the corresponding channel (1 or 2) and a note-off message. This signal went into MAX/MSP, and we were finally ready to start experimenting with the sound.
SOUND AESTHETICS
From the beginning, Mia knew that she wanted to have two bright and different sounds. On one side they should be almost as pure as a sine tone, as a resemblance to the bright light beams. On the other side, they needed to be “living” and interesting for the dancers to improvise with while in the beam. Since also a side-drum would be involved, the sounds should aspire to blend in with this sound.
This way of musical thinking was novel to me. I am used to working with sounds as self-contained aesthetic objects, and often from a linear perspective. Here I was presented with the task of making what could be called “hypertext” sound with clear limitations. The sounds themselves would constitute only a part of the whole performance and would be more as a tool for the dancers to work with, than aesthetic pleasing. After having made a couple of samples, we sat down tweaking the parameters in the patch. Finally, we came up with two sounds that we both found to be pleasing, interesting and meeting the initial requirements.
THE PATCH
When I started building the patch, it was with the idea that it should be self-contained and easy to use. At the same time, it should be powerful enough to provide for doing rapid changes in the sound. This way Mia could operate the whole system herself for the rehearsals with the dancers. The final patch is seen in the picture below.
Two boxes labelled ”Laser 1” and ”Laser 2” are turned on and off by the IR sensors. They can also be used on-screen for rehearsals and testing. The gate switch on ”Laser 2” was used at the end of the show when only this sound should be turned off. Frequencies and random generators can be turned on and off and adjusted easily. As shown in the picture on the next side, the patch reveals a hidden world of patch chords and objects, resulting from constant alterations. In the following I will briefly go through the various parts of the patch:
- We recall that the MIDI controller sent note-offs when the IR-signal was broken. As can be seen from the patch, MIDI is being picked up by a ”notein”. First, the two different signals are separated by the ”select” command. Then an if-test checkswhether the beam is on (broken) or off (unbroken). For “on” the volume is set to 50 and else it is set to 0.
- Each sound is made from a set of three added sinusoids represented with the ”cycle~” object. All of the frequencies can be adjusted directly on-screen.
- The ”rand~” object is used to make the sound more vibrant, through a random function. To make this even more “lively”, a random generator controlled by a metronome is changing the ”rand~” seed at given intervals.
- A chaos slider at the left was added to increase the tension in both sounds, controlled by an expression pedal.5
- A “reset” button is available for quickly regaining the preferred settings.
THE PERFORMANCE
It was less than a week before the premiere that we finally managed to get everything together. After working with gathering the equipment and making the patch, it was very exciting to test everything in practice and see how it worked with the dancers and the drummer.
Three dancers (two male, one female) were on stage, “trapped” within the light beams. During the 15 minutes long performance, they worked their way from silence to sound climax to silence. Spotlights were used to create massive, cascading effects in between total darkness. The interactive sounds were used partly in short sequences with the dancers jumping in and out of the beams, partly in some longer sequences where the dancers moved “inside” the beams. This short video gives an idea of the show.
Luckily, the Mac did not crash and the sound turned on and off as it should, every day. Except for that, we did not encounter any other problems than repositioning the sensors to work every night, because the stage had to be cleared after each performance.
SYNCHRONICITY AND CROSSMODALITY
After working with this project, it is tempting to draw a parallel to Egil Haga’s (1999) Master’s thesis about sounds and actions. Using the term synchronicity he refers to the concept when a physical action and a sound gesture is believed to be generated from the same action. He points out that most films contain soundtracks generated in studios, and he is critical of examples where the synchronicity is imprecise and poor. Further, he mentions the fact that cross-modal perception results in greater stimuli. For example, it is easier to understand a person talking if you can see the lip movement.
In his last chapter, Haga analyses a dance-music performance where he points out the excellent synchronicity between the music and the gestures used by the dancers. Somehow, after working with the Laser Dance project I got a much better understanding of his comments. Even though he is talking about classical music and dance movements based on the sound gestures, I see a clear line to the interactive sound I have been working with. The difference is mostly that in the Laser Dance project, a sound is more a tool for the dancers to work with, than a musical piece.
Interactive music controlled by sensors really makes the dancers in control of the whole performance. Through body gestures, they control the sound themselves making the synchronicity excellent (at least with efficient sensors…) and the result is a performance where the dance and sound blend together in harmony. This is not always the case when looking at other dance performances with “linear” music. No doubt, this project has opened my eyes to a totally new way of thinking about music, and I have also got a lot of ideas for new projects involving dance and interactive sound.