In a presentation at the Society for Music Theory 2002 Conference, 2002, David Huron proposed 21 listening modes:

1. Distracted listening
2. Tangential listening
3. Metaphysical listening
4. Signal listening
5. Sing-along listening
6. Lyric listening
7. Programmatic listening
8. Allusive listening
9. Reminiscent listening
10. Identity listening
11. Retentive listening
12. Fault listening
13. Feature listening
14. Innovation listening
15. Memory scan listening
16. Directed listening
17. Distance listening
18. Ecstatic listening
19. Emotional listening
20. Kinesthetic listening
21. Performance listening

and he concludes: “This list is not intended to be exhaustive.”